Stratum spinosum

The stratum spinosum (or spinous layer) is a layer of the epidermis found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale.[1] This layer is also referred to as the "spinous" or "prickle-cell" layer.[2] This appearance is due to desmosomal connections of adjacent cells. Keratinization begins in the stratum spinosum.[3]

Additional images

References

  1. ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005) Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 2. ISBN 0721629210.
  2. ^ McGrath, J.A.; Eady, R.A.; Pope, F.M. (2004). Rook's Textbook of Dermatology (Seventh Edition). Blackwell Publishing. Pages 3.7-3.8. ISBN 9780632064298.
  3. ^ Marks, James G; Miller, Jeffery (2006). Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology (4th ed.). Elsevier Inc. Page 6. ISBN 1-4160-3185-5.
Skin
Skin fields
Head
campus frontalis, campus parietalis, campus occipitalis, campus temroralis, campus facialis (campus orbitalis, campus nasalis, campus oralis, campus mentalis, campus infraorbitalis, campus buccalis, campus zygomaticus)
Neck
campus cervicalis anterior (campus submandibularis, campus caroticus, campus omotrachealis, campus submentalis), campus sternocleidomastoideus, campus cervicalis posterior (campus omoclavicularis), campus nuchalis
Chest
campus presternalis, campus clavipectoralis, campus pectoralis verus, campus mammarius, campus inframammarius, campus axillaris
Abdomen
campus hypochondriacus, campus epigastricus, campus abdominalis lateralis, campus umbilicalis, campus inguinalis, campus hypogastricus
Perineum
campus analis, campus urogenitalis
Subcutaneous tissue
Adnexa

M: INT, SF, LCT

anat/phys/devp

noco(i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr(n/e/d), sysi/epon

proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11)

M: SKA

anat/phys/devp

noco/cong/tumr, sysi/epon

proc, drug(D10)